The District of Safad

Abil al-Qamh
In 1952, Israel established the settlement of Yuval. The village site is overgrown with grasses and weeds.

Al-Abisiyya
One Israeli settlement is on village lands. No trace of the village remains. The site is covered with grass, shrubs, and a few scattered trees. The lands around the site are cultivated by the settlement of Kefar Szold.

'Akbara
There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The original inhabitants of the village were replaced by "internal" refugees from Qaddita and Dallata, villages several kilometers north of Safad. Since 1980, however, these refugees have been gradually relocated to the nearby, planned village of 'Akbara. As a precondition of the relocation, each family was required to demolish its home in the former village. Today, fifteen of the old houses still stand on the site, in addition to the school

'Alma
The settlement of 'Alma was built on village land in 1949. The site is fenced-in and contains the rubble of former houses, covered with thorny grasses. The land is planted with fruit trees by Israeli farmers.

'Ammuqa
The villagers evacuated 'Ammuqa as a result of the pressure of Jewish shelling, fear of being harmed if captured and fear of being caught in the crossfire of the fighting armies. Nothing remain of the village but the rubble of houses; the site is overgrown with cactuses trees and eucalyptus, fig, and olive trees.

Arab Al-Shamalina
In the course of Operation Yiftach, designed to occupy and "cleanse" ester Galilee. 'Arab al-Shamalina was occupied during this offensive, which was named Operation Matate (Broom) and was implemented on 4 May 1948. Before the assault, Palmach troops shelled the area with mortars, villagers fled with the approach of the occupying force. The village lands are used by the settlement of Almagor established in 1961. The site is strewn with the rubble of houses.

Arab al-Zubayd
There are no Israeli settlements on the village land. All that remain of 'Arab al-Zubayd is scattered rubble, buried under a ticket of woods, grass, and thorny plants. Irrigation works tap the village's water resources. Some land in the plain that borders the site has been converted into an Israeli nature reserve, while the rest is cultivated by Israeli farmers.

'Ayn Al-Zaytun
As the villagers later recalled, the bloody events in the village began on 1 May 1948 at 3:00 A.M. with a barrage of mortar fire from eleven mortars, followed by a ground assault by two platoons. When Israeli troops entered the village, the villagers were rounded up. The men were expelled and enabled to join their families, but thirty-seven of them, selected at random, were taken captive. After the prisoners were killed. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The rubble of destroyed stone houses is scattered throughout the site, which is otherwise overgrown with olive trees and cactuses. In one of the remaining houses, the smooth stone above the entrance arch is inscribed with Arabic calligraphy. The well and the village spring also remain.

Baysamun
According to an Israeli military intelligence report in June 1948, the people of Baysamun fled as a direct result of a Palmach "whispering campaign". Such as in psychological warfare were an integral part of Operation Yiftach. There are no Israeli settlements on the village site or on the village lands. No traces of the houses remain. The site is occupied by warehouses for agricultural implements used by a near by Kibbutz.

Biriyya
On 1 May 1948, one Palmach squad captured Biriyya, while another force took the adjacent village of 'Ayn al-Zaytun, in preparation for the final assault on Safad, but judging from the experience of 'Ayn al-Zaytun, the residents were probably forced to leave, and some may have been killed in the process. Zionists established a fortified settlement on the lands of the village in 1945 and named it Biriyya. It was taken over on September 1948 by a religious kibbutz. About fifteen houses remain and are inhabited by the residents of the settlement of Biriyya; the settlement has been expanded to include the village site.

Al-Butayha
Al-Butayha was targeted for occupation during the Haganah's Operation Matate (Broom), many houses were razed to the ground Palmach sappers. The village lands are used by the settlement of Almagor, established in 1961. A picnic area known as Park ha-Yarden is some 200 m south of the site. Only the black basalt walls of destroyed houses remain.

Al-Buwayziyya
Jewish forces captured al-Buwayziyya on 11 May 1948. Al-Buwayziyya's residents fled when they learned that the neighboring village of al-Khalisa, had fallen. That village had been evacuated after the Haganah turned down the villager's request for an "agreement". In the absence of such an accommodation, both villages presumably anticipated a direct attack. The villagers probably were also influenced by the fall of Safad on the same day. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. On the site are the remains of destroyed houses, a few walls and terraces. The flat portion of the surrounding lands are used by Israeli for agriculture; the more hilly lands serve as pasture.

Dallata
Israel established the settlement of Dalton in 1950 on village lands. All that remain are debris of the houses scattered across the site, partly covered by grass, shrubs, and trees. Part of the land around the village has been turned into a forest, while others are used as pasture.

Al-Dawwara
2 Israeli settlements are on village lands. There are hardly any traces of the village left; only a few building stones at the edge of a fish pond remain on the site. The entire area has been converted into a fish hatchery.

Dayshum
The village was evacuated when news reached it of the massacres at nearby Safsaf and Jish, committed by soldiers of the (Seventh) Brigade. The inhabitants probably fled (or were expelled) to Lebanon. Cactuses and thorns grow on the site. Moshav Dishon exploits the land around the site for animal grazing and apple cultivation.

Al-Dirbashiyya
There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The rubble of destroyed houses is scattered across the village site.

Al-Dirdara
The settlement of Eyal established in 1947 on village land, was destroyed during the 1948 war. After the people of al-Dirdara had been expelled, the Israelis rebuilt the settlement and named it ha-Goverim. They changed its name to Ashmura, in 1953. It is no longer inhabited. The site is a mound of stones and earth, overgrown with trees. The area around the site is cultivated.

Fara
The village fell into Israeli hands on 30 October 1948, if events followed the same pattern as in other villages in the area, the inhabitants either were expelled or fled out of fear. They were likely to have heard of the nearby massacres, after news of the carnage spread in Upper Galilee, only a few communities remained. There are no Israeli settlements on village land. One stone building stands on the site, on the whole. The site is overgrown with grass and fig trees.

Al-Farradiyya
Al-Farradiyya had a thriving agricultural sector. It was known for its model, experimental farm. It had an arboretum, and provided extension services for the farmers from both the Acre and Safad districts nd gave them advice on poultry production methods and beekeeping. People from neighboring villages took refuge in al-Farradiyya in early May, as they fled out of the path of Operation Yiftach. Many of its residents seem to have remained their homes until February 1949, when the final assault on the village began. Some villagers were evicted to village under Israeli control and others expelled to the Triangle area ( Nablus -Tulkarm -Jinin) on the West Bank. 2 Israeli settlements are on village lands. The site is deserted. Some segments of it are wooded and serve as Israeli recreation grounds.

Fir'im
Fir'im and two other villages were sporadically mortared on the night of 2 May 1948. There are no Israeli settlements on village land.

Ghabbatiyya
Ghabbatiyya was occupied on 30 October 1948. There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The site is deserted and covered with grass. The surrounding land is used by Israelis for grazing and forestry.

Ghuraba
The villagers of Ghuraba, in fear of an attack by Zionist forces, feld on 1 May. In 1951, the settlement of Gonen was established on village land. The stones of ruined houses are strewn acros the fenced in site.

Al-Hamra
The entire site is fenced in and serves as an Israeli cow pasture.

Harrawi
No Israeli settlements have been built on village lands. No traces of the village are visible. Some of the lands in the area are wooded while others have been planted by Israelis with fruit trees.

Hunin
The settlement of Misgav 'Am was established in 1945 on the northern part of the village lands. Jewish immigrants from Iraq and Yemen established the settlement of Margaliyyot on village land in 1951. The cemetery, the elementary school, and the castle built by the Crusaders remain. The castle as a tourist attraction, and the school is used by Israelis as an agricultural warehouse. The lands in the vicinity are cultivated by the settlers.

Al-Husayniyya
Al-Husayniyya fell after facing two fierce attacks by the Palmach's Third Battalion in March 1948. In the first raid, the Palmach blew up five houses. On 13 March, party of approximately fifty raiders blew up twelve houses. On 16-17 March, "more than 30 people adults were killed". Only piles of stone and sections of walls from demolished houses remain.

Jahula
There are no settlements on village lands. The only remains of the destroyed village are a few stone terraces.

Al-Ja'una
Despite the occupation of the village, some people remained in al-Ja'una at least until June 1949, when they were forcibly evicted, along with the residents of two other villages. The settlement of Ro'sh Pinna occupies the village site. Many of the houses remain; some are used by the residents of the settlement; other stone houses have been abandoned and destroyed.

Jubb Yusef
The village itself was not attacked until 4 May, at which time its residents were probably expelled. The settlement of 'Ammi'ad is on village land. All that remains of the village are the thorn-covered khan and the domed tomb of Shaykh 'Abdallah.

Kafir Bir'im
Kafir Bir'im surrendered in early November 1948, when Galilee fell to Israeli forces. Its residents were "temporarily" expelled for "security reasons". Some of these expelled across the border were later allowed to return to Israel, but not to their village. The army levelled the village in 1953. The settlement of Dovev established in 1963, is northwest of the village site on village land. The only standing structure is the church and its belltower. The village site has been closed off and the surrounding area declared an archaeological and tourist site.

Al-Khalisa
On 11 May 1948, the Haganah rejected al-Khalisa's request for an "agreement". Villagers fled from their homes after hearing news of the fall of Safad and sought refuge in Hunin, the village militia remained for a few days, until it was heavily shelled. Eventually, the villagers were displaced to Lebanon. In later weeks, a few of them decided to return in order to dig up money they had buried in their land, or to harvest some of their tobacco and grain. They reported that the Israeli forces had burned and destroyed many of the houses. The settlement of Qiryat Shemona was established in 1950 on the village site. Stone rubble from the houses marks the site. The school and the Mandate government's office buildings stand abandoned, as does the village mosque and the minaret. The level land surrounding the site is cultivated by the settlement of Qiryat Shemona.

Khan al-Duwayr
There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The site is deserted, overgrown with grass.

Khirbat Karraza
No information available.

Al-Khisas
The settlement of ha-Gosherim established in 1948 on village land. Most of village land is covered with woods and grass. The village land are cultivated by the settlement of ha-Gosherim.

Khiayam al-Walid
The settlement of Lahavot ha-Bashan established in 1945 on village land. The site is deserted and overgrown with grass and thorns. The surrounding land is used by Israeli farmers for grazing.

Kirad al-Baqqara
According to the armistice agreement signed with Syria. The agreement included a provision protecting some seven villages located within the DMZ; nevertheless, between 1949 and 1956 pressure was applied to "induce" most of the population of these villages to go into exile in Syria. By 1956, the DMZ's 2,200 inhabitants had been pushed out by a combination of "economic and police pressure". There are no Israeli settlements in the village lands. The village site is littered with rubble, piles of stones, and fragments of houses.

Kirad al-Ghannama
In July 1949, Israel signed an armistice agreement according to which Kirad al-Ghannama was to be located within a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and inhabitants of the area were to be protected. By 1956, the DMZ's 2,200 inhabitants had been pushed out. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. Only the rubble of the houses remains. The surrounding land is used by Israelis both for crop cultivation and as pasture.

Lazzaza
Only a few scattered stones remain on the village site.

Madahil
There are no traces of any village structures.

Al-Malikiyya
A force drawn from four different Israeli brigades, attacked under cover of the Israeli air force, taking the village in late October 1948. Villagers fled during this attack. In 1949, the settlement of Malkiyya was established southeast of the village site, on village lands. The area is a fenced-in military zone, and the site is inaccessible.

Mallaha
There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The sandy hill on which the village was situated is completely overgrown with tall grass, cactuses, and weeds. The surrounding land is cultivated by the settlement of Yesud ha-Ma'ala.

Al-Manshiyya
Al-Manshiyya, like other villages in Safad District, succumbed to the campaign of psychological warfare and direct military assault that was implemented during Operation Yiftach. The village site is covered with grass and some eucalyptus trees, and no landmarks remain.

Al-Mansura
The settlement of Sha'ar Yashuv established in 1940is located about 1 km northeast of the village site. The village has been completely obliterated. The site has been converted by Israelis into a fish hatchery and contains pools for this purpose.

Mansurat al-Khayt
There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The site is partly wooded and partly overgrown with grass.

Marus
There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The site contains some olive and fig trees as well as stones from ruined homes.

Mirun
Mirun inhabitants were driven out in two waves: one shortly after the capture of Safad by the Haganah on 10 May 1948, and the other at the end of October, after the village itself was occupied. The settlement of Meron founded in 1949 on village land. Several rooms and stone walls still stand. Otherwise, the site is covered with grass and trees and has become part of the settlement. The area is a tourist attraction.

Al-Muftakhira
The villagers were dispersed in two waves: on in 1 May and another on 16 Main 1944. Only the stone debris of houses and the occasional ruined wall attest to the former presence of the village. The site has been turned into an archaeological center, and the surrounding lands are cultivated by Israeli farmers.

Mughr al-Khayt
Palmach units shelled Mughr al-Khayt with mortars during the night of 2 May 1948. The attack, resulting in the evacuation of the village along with two others (Fir'im and Qabba'a) similarly targeted during the same night. The site is overgrown with grass and cactuses and littered with stone rubble from destroyed houses. Of the hundreds of olive trees that once grew there, only a few remain. The mountainous land around the site is mostly wooded or used by Israelis as pasture.

Khirbat Al-Muntar
Khirbat Al-Muntar later fell on the periphery of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between Syria and Israel after the July 1949 Armistice Agreement. Villagers suffered the same fate as those in villagers that fell squarely within the DMZ. There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The site is covered with stone rubble, grass, thorns, and a few cypress trees.

Al-Nabi Yusha'
The village was the site of a shrine that was believed to be the burial grounds of the prophet (nabi) Yusha'. The people of al-Nabi Yusha', held an annual mawsim, or pilgrimage and festival. The mawsim was similar to that of al-Nabi Rubin's in al-Ramla District. The agricultural settlement of Ramot Naftali was established in 1945 on village lands. The site has been fenced in with barbed wire and is buried under rubble, making access difficult. However, some evidence of the village remains: fragments of houses, tombs, and the shrine of al-Nabi Yusha'.

Al-Na'ima
al-Na'ima was emptied of its population during Operation Yiftach. To seize control of the city of Safad. The final assault on Safad took place on 10-11 May 1948, and with the fall of the city, the residents of several villages in the district, already demoralized by psychological warfare and mortar shelling, panicked and left. Al-Na'ima was one of these villages. Ne'ot Mordekhay was built in 1946 on village land. Apart from a few trees, the site is hardly recognizable as former location of a village.

Qabba'a
On 2 May Palmach units sporadically pounded the village with mortars, "in order that in the end the Arabs would leave", in the words of an officer in a participating unit. There stone debris of destroyed houses covers the site.

Qadas
On the night of 14-15 May, The Palmach's Firest Battalion advanced on Qadas and the neighboring al-Malikiyya. Qadas fell by the morning, but that Lebanese units crossed the border later that day and mounted a large counteroffensive, forcing the Palmach to withdraw from the village. On 28-29 May, the Israelis implemented an elaborate ploy to recapture Qadas and al-Malikiyya. Shortly after the first attack, a neighboring Jewish settlement (Kibbutz Manara) voiced its designs on the village lands and expressed a desire to seize them, indicating that they were "suitable for winter crops". The Kibbutz' which was probably not granted until the time of the second occupation of Qadas, in October. The settlement of Yiftach was built in 1948 to the northeast of the village site. The village land is used by the settlements of Malikiyya founded in 1949, and Ramot Naftali established in 1945. Stones from the destroyed houses are strewn over the fenced-in site.

Qaddita
Qaddita is one of the westernmost village to fall within the scope of Operation Yiftach, designed in part to render eastern Galilee "Arab-free". There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. All that remains are tombs from the cemetery and stone rubble from the destroyed homes. The nearby settlements have planted forests as well as fruit trees on some of the surrounding land.

Qaytiyya
At midnight on 5 June, army trucks encircled the village land and Israeli troops swept down on it. They rounded up its residents and dumped them, together with the villagers of al-Ja'una and al-Khisas, on a bare hillside near 'Akbara, south of Safad. Zionists founded the settlement of Kefar Blum. Only a few stones from the old village are still visible.

Al-Qudayriyya
Haganah forces engaged in the occupation of eastern Galilee assaulted al-Qudayriyya on 4 May 1948. The attack resulted in the expulsion of the village's population. The settlement of Kachal was built in 1980 on village land. The site is overgrown with wild grass and contains rubble from destroyed houses. A few structure still stand.

Al-Ras Al-Ahmar
The village was attacked by Israeli forces on 30 October 1948. The residents fled when they heard of the massacres perpetrated the night before at Safsaf and Jish. When the Brigade units, which committed a number of atrocities during the operation, reached al-Ras al-Ahmar, they found it empty of its inhabitants. The villagers probably went to Lebanon, like most of the population of the northern Galilee. Some houses still remain. The nearby settlement cultivates some of the surrounding land and uses the rest for grazing.

Sabalan
The village surrounded the tomb of one Nabi (prophet) Sabalan. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. Only one village house and a well remain. The house is now occupied by the guard and caretakers of the shrine of al-Nabi Sabalan. New buildings have been constructed for visitors to the shrine, which is sacred to the Druze.

Safsaf
Safsaf was the first village to be occupied during Operation Hiram. It fell some time before dawn on 29 October 1948, and was the scene of one of several massacres committed during the operation. Two platoons of armored cars and a tank company from the Sheva' {Seventh) Brigade attacked the village. "52 men tied with a rope and dropped into a well and shot. 10 were killed. 3 cases of rape … A girl aged 14 was raped. Another 4 were killed. Eyewitnesses, they said that when the attack began on the village, the militiamen were braced to defend it but were surprised by a three-pronged assault. One militiaman said later, "We did not expect to fight them on three fronts". Those left behind recounted how the Israeli soldiers entered Safsaf around sunrise and ordered the village to line up a spot in the northern part of the village. "As we lined up, a few Jewish soldiers ordered four girls to accompany them to carry water for the soldiers. Instead, they took them to our empty houses and raped them. About seventy of our men were blindfolded and shot to death, one after the other, in front of us". In later days, Israeli troops visited the village, telling the inhabitants that they should forget what had occurred and could stay in their homes. But they began to leave under cover of night, until Safsaf was empty. Israel established the settlement of ha-Shahar, later renamed Sifsofa, in 1949. A second settlement, Bar Yochay was established in 1979, also in the village lands. The site is overgrown with grass and scattered trees among which can be seen a few terraces and piles of stone from destroyed houses. A few houses are inhabited by Israelis. A fraction of surrounding land is cultivated by the settlements, and the rest is forested.

Saliha
Citing Arab military sources in Amman, the united Press reported that Saliha was occupied by Israeli forces on 18 May. Because Israeli sources cited by historian Benny Morris state that a massacre was perpetrated at Saliha on 30 October 1948. Ninety-four people "were blow up with a house". If any villagers survived the Saliha massacre, they were probably expelled, along with the residents of most border villages. The only remaining landmark is a long building with many high windows. The bulk of surrounding land is planted by Israeli farmers with apple trees.

Al-Salihiyya
There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The village has been obliterated; no traces of it remains. Residents of the settlement of Kefar Blum cultivate the surrounding land.

Al-Sammu'i
Israel established the settlement of Kefar Shammay in 1949 on village lands, just to the east of the village site. The site is deserted. A few olive and fig trees grow on the site, and the surrounding land is mostly used by Israeli farmers for grazing.

Al-Sanbariyya
Although the date of its occupation is unknown, al-Sanbariyya was probably taken in May 1948. Later in the summer of 1948, a representative of the Jewish National Fund (JNF) toured the area and found that several houses were still standing in al-Sanbariyya, albeit without roofs. (The fact that some houses were roofless implies that the village was subject to a direct attack.) According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, the JNF official instructed the secretariat of the nearby kibbutz of Ma'yan Barukh to destroy the houses immediately. As an incentive, he told them that this would enable the kibbutz to take the village's lands, as it would prevent the villagers from returning. This was agreed to immediately. Later, one member of the kibbutz complained about the destruction, on military grounds. He argued that in border areas, "there is a danger that the Arabs will use [the abandoned villages] for military operations if they get a chance". The settlements of Ma'yan Barukh and Dafna on land. The uneven land of the site is covered by grass and trees, including some old olive trees. No sign of the village remains. The surrounding lands are cultivated by Israeli farmers.

Sa'sa'
Two massacres were committed at Sa'sa' by Haganah forces in 1948: one in mid-February and another at the end of October. On 15 February, a Palmach force from the third Battalion raided the village. Battalion commander Moshe Kelman had orders to "blow up twenty houses and kill the largest possible number of fighters." The attackers stormed the village during the night, placed explosive charges in a number of houses and activated the detonators. The result was that ten houses were wholly or partially destroyed and "tens" of people were killed. 11 villagers were killed (5 of them small children) and 3 wounded, that 3 houses were completely demolished, and that 11 others were badly damaged. The second massacre was perpetrated on 30 October, at the time that the village was occupied, acts of "mass murder" were committed in the village. Villagers interviewed said that some of them had fled on the morning before its occupation after seeing an Israeli plane circling and bombing Safsaf and Jish and hearing the sound of gunfire all night. Yet others apparently fled on hearing of the atrocities committed at Safsaf. The settlement of Sasa established in 1949, lies on the village site. Some of the old olive trees remain, and a number of walls and houses still stand used by the settlement.

Al-Shawka Al-Tahta
Israeli sources report that the villagers of al-Shawka al-Tahta feared a Zionist attack and fled on 14 May 1948; the district capital, Safad, had been captured a few days earlier, which would have contributed to the villagers' panic. Two Zionist settlements are very close to the village site. Nothing remains of al-Shawka al-Tahta. The surrounding lands are used by Israelis both for farming and as pasture.

Al-Shuna
There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The hill on which the village was built is now fenced in and contains crumbled stone walls from the destroyed houses. The surrounding lands have been converted into a wildlife sanctuary, the Nachel 'Amud Reserve, which is also used by Israelis for animal grazing and as a recreational area.

Taytaba
The earliest reported incidents at the village took place in February 1948. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The village site contains the stone rubble of razed houses.

Tulayl
Its inhabitants abandoned it in late April 1948. Most nearby villages were depopulated as a result of either bombardment by mortars or a psychological warfare campaign designed to instill fear of an imminent attack, or by both. These measures were adopted partly in preparation for the capture of Safad, and partly to achieve the depopulation of eastern Galilee. The village site is thickly covered with grass and other vegetation. The surrounding land is now cultivated by the settlement of Chulata.

Al-'Ulmaniyya
Villagers evacuated their village on 20 April. This is said to have occurred either in response to a direct attack or to the threat of an attack. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The site is thickly wooded with eucalyptus trees, making it difficult to discern any remains of the village. Some of the surrounding lands are cultivated, but most have either been made part of the preservation area or are marshland.

Al-'Urayfiyya
There are no Israeli settlements on village land. The site is deserted and overgrown with grass, thorns, a variety of trees, and cactuses.

Al-Wayziyya
The capture of al-Wayziyya occurred in April or May 1948. There are no Israeli settlements on village lands. The shrine of Shaykh al-Wayzi is the only remaining land-mark.

Yarda
Yarda fell on the periphery of the Demilitarized Zone between Syria and Israel after the July 1949 Armistice Agreement. If Yarda remained inhabited at the end of Operation Yiftach, it is likely that the villagers suffered the same fate as those in villages that fell squarely within the DMZ. The lands of Yarda were taken over by the Zionist settlement of Ayyelet ha-Shahar in 1948. In 1949 the settlement of Mishmar ha-Yarden was built on village land. The truncated walls of some houses still stand.

Al-Zahiriyya Al-Tahta
The village fell shortly after the capture of Safad, the district capital, on 10 May 1948. The residents fled out of fear of an impending Jewish attack. Some villagers recalled that on 1 May, after the attack on 'Ayn al-Zaytun, the old men women, and children of al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta were evacuated to the area of 'Ayn al-Wuhush, just south of the village. Some villagers tried to return to retrieve their belongings, and a few of them were killed by mines planted by the Haganah. The site has been engulfed by the southern neighborhoods of the now wholly Jewish town of Safad that were built after 1948. The entire topography of the place has been altered, as Safad's expansion has taken over the site. The cemetery is visible, though dilapidated.

Al-Zanghariyya
Operation Matate (Broom) was a Haganah offensive launched on 4 May 1948 in the course of Operation Yiftach. The orders given to Palmach company commanders before the sub-operation stated specifically that the villages of al-Zanghariyya, al-Tabigha, and 'Arab al-Shamalina should be attacked, "their inhabitants expelled and the [ir] houses blown up. As the Palmach columns approached these villagers, the residents fled eastwards into Syria; the following day, sappers methodically blew up over fifty houses in al-Zanghariyya and the other villages. That al-Zanghariyya was occupied on 4 May. Israel established the settlement of Elifelet on village lands west of the village site, in 1949. All that is left are blocks of basalt that once had been parts of twelve houses.

Al-Zawiya
The village had been emptied of its residents by 24 May, as a result of a direct military assault on the village. The settlement of Ne'ot Mordekhay was established in 1949, just 1 km north of the village site. No landmarks, rubble, or other signs of al-Zawiya remain. The site has become part of the settlement's agricultural lands, and is now covered by cotton fields.

Al-Zuq Al-Fawqani
There are no Israeli settlements entirely on village land, although Yuval, established in 1952, is located very close by to the northeast. The stones of destroyed homes are strewn across the site.

 Al-Zuq Al-Tahtani
Zionist established the settlement of Beyt Hillel south of the village in 1940. Only one house remains; it is made of stone and serves as an office for an airstrip.


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